Essentially, a color set is a palette. You can choose four colors for each palette, and then decide which palette is use for various objects (specifically, menu highlighting and subtitles).
Each color set has a fill (foreground) color, an oultine/background color, an anti-alias color, and a transparent color. The first two are self-explanatory. The anti-alias color is what's used to "blend" the edges of an object. The transparent color is one that you want to be invisible.